History of the Yuan cover

History of the Yuan

Rating 4.3
Word count
1.9M words
Chapters
143

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Summary

The Yuan shi (History of the Yuan) is a dynastic history in the annals-biography form that systematically records the rise and fall of the Yuan dynasty. Completed in the early Ming, it was chiefly compiled by Song Lian (1310–1381) and Wang Yi (1321–1373). In 210 juan—47 of imperial annals, 58 of treatises, 8 of tables and 97 of biographies—it covers the history from the rise of the Mongols to the founding and fall of the Yuan.

Editor's review

The Yuan shi (History of the Yuan) is a dynastic history in the annals-biography form, compiled under the direction of Song Lian and Wang Yi in the early Ming. In 210 juan—47 of imperial annals, 58 of treatises, 8 of tables and 97 of biographies—it systematically records the history from the rise of the Mongols through the founding and height of the Yuan to its fall. As one of the Twenty-Four Histories, its value lies first in preserving a wealth of original Yuan sources, especially the annals and treatises, which are indispensable for understanding Yuan political institutions, economy, geography, rites and music. Its compilation was hasty and it has long been faulted for omissions and repetitions, yet for that very reason it preserves material not found in other histories. There is no need to plow through it from juan one: begin with the annals of key emperors, then choose treatises or biographies of interest, reading alongside other Yuan sources and modern scholarship. For readers who need to check Yuan figures, institutions or events, it is a foundational work impossible to bypass; general history enthusiasts are advised to read selectively rather than straight through, using the contents and indexes to consult it as needed, so that its dual role as reference work and source treasury comes into play.

Who it's for

A good fit for

  • Historical researchers who need to check Yuan figures, institutions and events
  • Students of Chinese history and literature who need contact with primary sources
  • Readers with a strong interest in the Yuan's rise and fall and some grounding in classical Chinese
  • Readers who want to understand the annals-biography form and its compilation features

Not a good fit for

  • General readers who want popular Yuan stories and no classical Chinese
  • Readers expecting a smoothly narrated, tightly structured general history of the Yuan
  • Specialists who need a critically collated edition or a fully modern annotated edition

Reading tips

  1. Read the publisher's note and contents first to understand the distribution of annals, treatises, tables and biographies, then choose an entry point by interest.
  2. Read first the annals of key emperors and treatises such as geography and officials to build a basic framework of Yuan institutions and territory.
  3. Read alongside the Secret History of the Mongols, Yuan collected writings or modern Yuan studies to make up for the hasty compilation's omissions.
  4. Use the book as a source treasury: consult specific figures or events through the contents and indexes rather than trying to read it all.

About the publisher

Jinzhang Book Company (Jinzhang Shuju) China · Founded in 1901

Jinzhang Book Company (Jinzhang Shuju) was a private publishing and distribution house in Shanghai during the late Qing and early Republican periods, issuing traditional works by lithographic printing. Judging from the 1,194 titles in the collection, its publishing focused on classical poetry, Eastern philosophy, historical reading, traditional Chinese medical texts, and canonical works, along with books on literary appreciation. Representative titles include the poetry and prose collections of Du Fu and Ouyang Xiu; historical works such as the Book of Han and Zizhi Tongjian; classical texts such as the Book of Documents and Mencius; and specialized and literary classics such as Treatise on Cold Damage and Li Sao. Its author resources cover major figures across the ages, including Du Fu, Ban Gu, Sima Guang, Zhang Zhongjing, Qu Yuan, Ouyang Xiu, and Tang Shenwei, reflecting the house's characteristic reliance on traditional scholarship and medical literature while serving general readers. Public information on its early history and operational details is limited, so no conjecture is offered here.

Contents

  1. 版权信息
  2. 序
  3. ◎太祖
  4. ◎太宗
  5. ◎定宗
  6. ◎宪宗
  7. ◎世祖一
  8. ◎世祖二
  9. ◎世祖三
  10. ◎世祖四
  11. ◎世祖五
  12. ◎世祖六
  13. ◎世祖七
  14. ◎世祖八
  15. ◎世祖九
  16. ◎世祖十
  17. ◎世祖十一
  18. ◎世祖十二
  19. ◎世祖十三
  20. ◎世祖十四
  21. ◎成宗一
  22. ◎成宗二
  23. ◎成宗三
  24. ◎成宗四
  25. ◎武宗一
  26. ◎武宗二
  27. ◎仁宗一
  28. ◎仁宗二
  29. ◎仁宗三
  30. ◎英宗一
  31. ◎英宗二
  32. ◎泰定帝一
  33. ◎泰定帝二
  34. ◎明宗
  35. ◎文宗一
  36. ◎文宗二
  37. ◎文宗三
  38. ◎文宗四
  39. ◎文宗五
  40. ◎宁宗
  41. ◎顺帝一
  42. ◎顺帝二
  43. ◎顺帝三
  44. ◎顺帝四
  45. ◎顺帝五
  46. ◎顺帝六
  47. ◎顺帝七
  48. ◎顺帝八
  49. ◎顺帝九
  50. ◎顺帝十
  51. ◎天文一
  52. ◎天文二
  53. ◎五行一
  54. ◎五行二
  55. ◎历一
  56. ◎历二
  57. ◎历三
  58. ◎历四
  59. ◎历五
  60. ◎历六
  61. ◎地理一
  62. ◎地理二
  63. ◎地理三
  64. ◎地理四
  65. ◎地理五
  66. ◎地理六
  67. ◎河渠一
  68. ◎河渠二
  69. ◎河渠三
  70. ◎礼乐一
  71. ◎礼乐二
  72. ◎礼乐三
  73. ◎礼乐四
  74. ◎礼乐五
  75. ◎祭祀一
  76. ◎祭祀二
  77. ◎祭祀三
  78. ◎祭祀四
  79. ◎祭祀五
  80. ◎祭祀六
  81. ◎舆服一
  82. ◎舆服二
  83. ◎舆服三
  84. ◎选举一
  85. ◎选举二
  86. ◎选举三
  87. ◎选举四
  88. ◎百官一
  89. ◎百官二
  90. ◎百官三
  91. ◎百官四
  92. ◎百官五
  93. ◎百官六
  94. ◎百官七
  95. ◎百官八
  96. ◎选举附录
  97. ◎食货一
  98. ◎食货二
  99. ◎食货三
  100. ◎食货四
  101. ◎食货五
  102. ◎兵一
  103. ◎兵二
  104. ◎兵三
  105. ◎兵四
  106. ◎刑法一
  107. ◎名例
  108. ◎刑法二
  109. ◎刑法三
  110. ◎刑法四
  111. ◎后妃表
  112. ◎宗室世系表
  113. ◎诸王表
  114. ◎诸公主表
  115. ◎三公表
  116. ◎三公表二
  117. ◎宰相年表
  118. ◎宰相年表二
  119. ◎后妃一
  120. ◎睿宗
  121. ◎后妃二
  122. ◎儒学一
  123. ◎儒学二
  124. ◎良吏一
  125. ◎良吏二
  126. ◎忠义一
  127. ◎忠义二
  128. ◎忠义三
  129. ◎忠义四
  130. ◎孝友一
  131. ◎孝友二
  132. ◎隐逸
  133. ◎列女一
  134. ◎列女二
  135. ◎释老
  136. ◎方技(工艺附)
  137. ◎宦者
  138. ◎奸臣
  139. ◎叛臣
  140. ◎逆臣
  141. ◎外夷一
  142. ◎外夷二
  143. ◎外夷三

FAQ

Who directed the compilation of the Yuan shi?
The Yuan shi was completed in the early Ming under the chief editorship of Song Lian and Wang Yi. In 210 juan—47 of imperial annals, 58 of treatises, 8 of tables and 97 of biographies—it systematically records the history from the rise of the Mongols to the founding and fall of the Yuan.
How is the compilation quality of the Yuan shi assessed?
Compiled hastily, the Yuan shi has long been faulted for omissions, repetitions and inconsistencies. Yet it preserves a large body of original Yuan sources, especially the annals and treatises, and is a foundational work for Yuan studies that should be read alongside other sources.
Is the Yuan shi suitable for general readers to read straight through?
Not really. It is vast and written in classical Chinese in the annals-biography form, a heavy burden for general readers. Better to begin with the annals of key emperors and some treatises, then read biographies by interest, or use it as a reference for Yuan figures and institutions.
What supplementary materials are useful for reading the Yuan shi?
Read it alongside the Secret History of the Mongols, Yuan collected writings, local gazetteers and modern Yuan studies. If your classical Chinese is weak, start with annotated or selected translations, then return to the original for specific passages; this makes it easier to build an overall picture.

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About the author

Song Lian Author · Chinese · 1310–1381

Song Lian (1310–1381), courtesy name Jinglian and styled Qianxi, was a native of Pujiang, Zhejiang, and a statesman, writer, and historian of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Known early for his literary reputation, he was highly trusted by Zhu Yuanzhang after the founding of the Ming and was hailed as the foremost civil official of the founding era. He rose to the post of Hanlin Academician Recipient of Edicts and presided over the compilation of the History of Yuan. His writings span history, philosophy, and literature. The library holds ten of his works, including Hongwu Shengzheng Ji, Ping Han Lu, Zhuzi Bian, Wenyuan, and You Zhongshan Ji. His prose is refined and dignified, attentive to principle and form. Together with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, he is known as one of the three great masters of early Ming poetry and prose, and he exerted a significant influence on early Ming literary style and historical scholarship. His other works include the Complete Works of Song Xueshi.

王祎 Author

Wang Yi's publicly available information is currently limited; details such as nationality, dates of birth and death, and educational background have not been clearly recorded. Judging from the two works included in the library, Wang Yi's writing spans the fields of history and social science. The first, a historical work on the Yuan dynasty, shows an interest in ancient Chinese history, particularly the history of the Yuan period. The second, on rural Russia against the backdrop of urbanization from the second half of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century, turns to area studies in the social sciences and focuses on the transformation of the Russian countryside amid urbanization in modern times. Although the two works differ considerably in subject matter, both reflect an approach that traces social issues through historical context and examines the evolution of institutions and everyday life within specific temporal and spatial settings. Owing to the lack of further public information, it remains difficult to form a complete judgment of the overall character of Wang Yi's writing; readers may consult the above works to understand the author's areas of interest.

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