Laws cover

Laws

Rating 4.3
Word count
1.3M words
Chapters
133

Tags

Summary

Project Gutenberg was the first provider of free electronic books, or eBooks. Michael Hart, founder of Project Gutenberg, invented eBooks in 1971 and his memory continues to inspire the creation of eBooks and related technologies today.Laws by PlatoAuthor: Plato, 427? BCE-347? BCE,Language: English, Class: PA: Language and Literatures: Classical Languages and Literature, Release Date: May 1, 1999

Editor's review

The Laws is one of Plato's longest and most concrete late dialogues. Through the leisurely conversation of three old men, it discusses the principles of legislation for a city-state, education, the scale of punishment and the duties of officials, envisioning a community in which law is the highest authority. Unlike the philosopher-king vision of the Republic, it focuses more on institutional design and practical feasibility, covering property, marriage, religion, censorship of literature and art, and many other details; it is virtually an encyclopedic text of ancient political and legal thought. The difficulties are its lengthy argument, its jumps between topics and the large amount of background knowledge of the Greek city-state it presupposes. The Gutenberg English electronic edition is convenient for searching and comparison, suitable as a source text for the study of Western political philosophy and jurisprudence, and for readers interested in institutional design to read slowly and savor Plato's pragmatic turn in his late thought.

Who it's for

A good fit for

  • Students of philosophy, law and political science who need to study original texts of Western political thought
  • General readers interested in the institutions and legislative thought of the Greek city-state
  • Researchers who want to compare with the Republic to understand the evolution of Plato's thought
  • Self-learners with some English reading ability willing to read classic texts slowly

Not a good fit for

  • Beginner readers who want quick conclusions and lack patience
  • First-time readers with no background in ancient Greek history or philosophy
  • Casual readers who only want light stories or literary works

Reading tips

  1. Read introductory material first to learn the dialogue's characters and the city-state background before entering the text.
  2. Read by theme, such as education, punishment or the selection of officials; you need not go straight through from beginning to end.
  3. Jot down the specific institutional provisions Plato proposes for comparison with later legal theory.
  4. Read alongside the Republic to observe how Plato's thinking shifts from the ideal city to rule by law.

About the publisher

Project Gutenberg United States · Founded in 1971

Project Gutenberg is a digital publishing project focused on public-domain ebooks. Its publishing direction centers on classic literary works whose copyright has expired, covering genres such as poetry, drama, fiction, and epic. Representative books include Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge, Proust's Du côté de chez Swann, Shakespeare's Macbeth and The Complete Works of William Shakespeare, Homer's The Iliad, Dante's La Divina Comèdia: Purgatòri, Cervantes's The History of Don Quixote, Volume 2, and Grahame's The Wind in the Willows. Its author resources consist mainly of classic Western writers such as Wordsworth, Proust, Shakespeare, Homer, Dante, Cervantes, Grahame, and Tolstoy. Its publishing feature is the provision of freely accessible ebooks in EPUB and Kindle formats; it is not a traditional publisher, and publicly available information is limited.

Contents

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24
  25. 25
  26. 26
  27. 27
  28. 28
  29. 29
  30. 30
  31. 31
  32. 32
  33. 33
  34. 34
  35. 35
  36. 36
  37. 37
  38. 38
  39. 39
  40. 40
  41. 41
  42. 42
  43. 43
  44. 44
  45. 45
  46. 46
  47. 47
  48. 48
  49. 49
  50. 50
  51. 51
  52. 52
  53. 53
  54. 54
  55. 55
  56. 56
  57. 57
  58. 58
  59. 59
  60. 60
  61. 61
  62. 62
  63. 63
  64. 64
  65. 65
  66. 66
  67. 67
  68. 68
  69. 69
  70. 70
  71. 71
  72. 72
  73. 73
  74. 74
  75. 75
  76. 76
  77. 77
  78. 78
  79. 79
  80. 80
  81. 81
  82. 82
  83. 83
  84. 84
  85. 85
  86. 86
  87. 87
  88. 88
  89. 89
  90. 90
  91. 91
  92. 92
  93. 93
  94. 94
  95. 95
  96. 96
  97. 97
  98. 98
  99. 99
  100. 100
  101. 101
  102. 102
  103. 103
  104. 104
  105. 105
  106. 106
  107. 107
  108. 108
  109. 109
  110. 110
  111. 111
  112. 112
  113. 113
  114. 114
  115. 115
  116. 116
  117. 117
  118. 118
  119. 119
  120. 120
  121. 121
  122. 122
  123. 123
  124. 124
  125. 125
  126. 126
  127. 127
  128. 128
  129. 129
  130. 130
  131. 131
  132. 132
  133. 133

FAQ

What is the relationship between the Laws and the Republic?
Both belong to Plato's political philosophy, but with different emphases. The Republic centers on rule by philosopher-kings, while the Laws turns to institutional design with law as the highest authority; its discussion is more concrete and closer to actual governance, and it can be seen as another face of Plato's late thought.
Does this edition have notes and an introduction?
The Gutenberg edition is a public-domain English electronic text and generally does not include systematic scholarly notes or an introduction. For in-depth study, pair it with a scholarly translation with commentary or relevant histories of philosophy.
Can I read it with only ordinary English?
You can try, but be prepared. Platonic dialogue has long sentences and dense argumentation; use a dictionary and a Chinese translation for comparison, grasp the main point of each book first, then examine the specific arguments.
Do I need to know ancient Greek history first?
Not systematically, but some knowledge of city-state institutions, Athenian politics and the social customs of the time will clearly help. Spend a little time on background material before entering the text, and understanding will be smoother.

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About the author

Plato (c. 427–347 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher. Reliable details of his life are limited in public sources, and his thought and writings are generally known through later accounts. The library holds 65 of his works, including the multi-volume Republic (Πολιτεία), the Symposium, and the Phaedo. These works are mostly dialogues with Socrates as the central figure, unfolding through question and answer around justice, the governance of the city, love, the soul, and knowledge, combining philosophical inquiry with dramatic literary form. The Republic, which discusses the ideal city and justice, is especially influential. Plato's style is marked by analogy, argument, and open-ended conclusions, and he has had a lasting influence on later Western philosophy and political thought.

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