Debit and Credit cover

Debit and Credit

Rating 3.9
Word count
1.3M words
Chapters
130

Tags

Summary

Project Gutenberg was the first provider of free electronic books, or eBooks. Michael Hart, founder of Project Gutenberg, invented eBooks in 1971 and his memory continues to inspire the creation of eBooks and related technologies today.Debit and Credit by Gustav FreytagAuthor: Freytag, Gustav, 1816-1895,Language: English, Class: PT: Language and Literatures: Germanic, Scandinavian, and Icelandic literatures, Release Date: Nov 11, 2006

Editor's review

Debit and Credit is a major novel by the German writer Gustav Freytag. Centered on commercial enterprise and civic ethics, it turns the ledger terms "debit and credit" into a metaphor for personal destiny and moral choice. The novel is solidly structured, and its ensemble of characters bears the clear imprint of social class: it depicts both calculation and trust within the trading house and responsibility and respectability in family relations. For Chinese readers it offers a window onto nineteenth-century German civil society and commercial ethics, and it reads well alongside realist social novels. This public-domain e-book is easy to search and excerpt, but the English translation contains many period expressions and commercial terms; readers are advised to use it with a background introduction and treat it as both social history and literary text.

Who it's for

A good fit for

  • Lovers of German literature and realist fiction
  • Readers interested in nineteenth-century commercial society and civic ethics
  • Students who need a public-domain text for comparative literature or social history reading
  • Deep readers who enjoy ensemble narratives and moral conflict

Not a good fit for

  • Casual readers who prefer light romance or plot-driven twists
  • Those with little patience for commercial terminology and period background
  • Readers seeking a systematic study of the author's life and critical reception of the work

Reading tips

  1. First sort out the main characters and their relationships within the trading house before entering the plot; the ensemble is introduced densely.
  2. Treat "debit and credit" as the thematic thread, noting as you read each character's choices between money and morality.
  3. Read alongside background material on nineteenth-century German civil society to understand the context of commercial ethics.
  4. For course use, compare and discuss two threads: conflict within the trading house and family responsibility.

About the publisher

Project Gutenberg United States · Founded in 1971

Project Gutenberg is a digital publishing project focused on public-domain ebooks. Its publishing direction centers on classic literary works whose copyright has expired, covering genres such as poetry, drama, fiction, and epic. Representative books include Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge, Proust's Du côté de chez Swann, Shakespeare's Macbeth and The Complete Works of William Shakespeare, Homer's The Iliad, Dante's La Divina Comèdia: Purgatòri, Cervantes's The History of Don Quixote, Volume 2, and Grahame's The Wind in the Willows. Its author resources consist mainly of classic Western writers such as Wordsworth, Proust, Shakespeare, Homer, Dante, Cervantes, Grahame, and Tolstoy. Its publishing feature is the provision of freely accessible ebooks in EPUB and Kindle formats; it is not a traditional publisher, and publicly available information is limited.

Contents

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24
  25. 25
  26. 26
  27. 27
  28. 28
  29. 29
  30. 30
  31. 31
  32. 32
  33. 33
  34. 34
  35. 35
  36. 36
  37. 37
  38. 38
  39. 39
  40. 40
  41. 41
  42. 42
  43. 43
  44. 44
  45. 45
  46. 46
  47. 47
  48. 48
  49. 49
  50. 50
  51. 51
  52. 52
  53. 53
  54. 54
  55. 55
  56. 56
  57. 57
  58. 58
  59. 59
  60. 60
  61. 61
  62. 62
  63. 63
  64. 64
  65. 65
  66. 66
  67. 67
  68. 68
  69. 69
  70. 70
  71. 71
  72. 72
  73. 73
  74. 74
  75. 75
  76. 76
  77. 77
  78. 78
  79. 79
  80. 80
  81. 81
  82. 82
  83. 83
  84. 84
  85. 85
  86. 86
  87. 87
  88. 88
  89. 89
  90. 90
  91. 91
  92. 92
  93. 93
  94. 94
  95. 95
  96. 96
  97. 97
  98. 98
  99. 99
  100. 100
  101. 101
  102. 102
  103. 103
  104. 104
  105. 105
  106. 106
  107. 107
  108. 108
  109. 109
  110. 110
  111. 111
  112. 112
  113. 113
  114. 114
  115. 115
  116. 116
  117. 117
  118. 118
  119. 119
  120. 120
  121. 121
  122. 122
  123. 123
  124. 124
  125. 125
  126. 126
  127. 127
  128. 128
  129. 129
  130. 130

FAQ

Is this book mainly about business or family?
The two are interwoven. The novel is structured around the trading house's operations and accounts, while also depicting family responsibility, respectability, and generational relations; commercial ethics and family ethics mirror each other. Read the two threads side by side to understand the pressures behind the characters' choices.
Can I understand it without a background in German history?
You can read it, but understanding will suffer. It is advisable to first learn about nineteenth-century German bourgeois society and commercial guilds before entering the text; when you encounter commercial terms, infer from context first and look them up after reading, to avoid frequent interruptions.
How difficult is the English translation?
The translation's English contains period vocabulary and commercial usage, with fairly formal syntax, making it moderately to considerably difficult. Reading ability at college English level 4 or above is suitable; beginners can read chapter summaries first, then closely read key conflict passages section by section.
Is it suitable as material for translation practice?
Suitable for excerpted practice. Commercial correspondence and character dialogue differ markedly in register, making it easy to experience the shift between formal and colloquial style. It is advisable to first translate a passage of trading-house dialogue literally, then adjust the tone against the context; there is no need to translate the whole book.

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About the author

Gustav Freytag (1816–1895) was a German writer, playwright and literary theorist. Ten of his works are held in this collection, spanning dramatic theory, novels and cultural-historical essays. His study Die Technik des Dramas systematically examines dramatic structure, and its discussion of the five-act play is often cited in later scholarship on drama. The novel Soll und Haben (published in English as Debit and Credit) takes commercial life as its subject, portraying the professional ethics and social world of the bourgeois class, while Das Nest der Zaunkönige belongs among his narrative works. He also wrote the Pictures of German Life series, whose volumes sketch scenes of German social life from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. His writing combines realistic description with cultural observation. Public information is limited, and details such as nationality and exact dates are not recorded in the collection, so no inference is made here.

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