The Counsels of Gao Yao cover

The Counsels of Gao Yao

Rating 4.5
Word count
552 words
Chapters
2

Tags

Summary

Gaoyao Mo is a chapter in the Shangshu, within the Yu Shu section. Gaoyao was a minister of Emperor Shun, in charge of criminal law and litigation. Mo means counsel.

Editor's review

Gaoyao Mo is an important chapter in the Yu Shu section of the Shangshu, unfolding through dialogues between Shun, Gaoyao, and Yu, with its core in discussing the fundamental principles of governance. In this chapter Gaoyao proposes the doctrine of the "Nine Virtues," emphasizing self-cultivation and the employment of capable men, and also discusses the people-oriented thought that "Heaven's intelligence and clear-sightedness come from my people's intelligence and clear-sightedness." Though brief, it condenses the political wisdom of high antiquity. This Bashu Publishing House edition is a collated text, suitable as an introductory single chapter for studying the Shangshu. When reading, one need not rush to read the whole book; first grasp the thread of the dialogue, then examine the names, institutions, and essential ideas paragraph by paragraph. For readers who wish to understand the origins of Confucian political ethics or who need to cite classical texts, this chapter is an unavoidable starting point. Its language is archaic and abstruse; reading it alongside commentaries is recommended to appreciate the institutions and concepts behind the words.

Who it's for

A good fit for

  • University students in literature and history majors studying the Shangshu and ancient political thought
  • Philosophy and history researchers who need to cite original Confucian classical texts
  • Traditional culture enthusiasts interested in pre-Qin people-oriented thought and the concept of rule by virtue

Not a good fit for

  • General leisure readers lacking a foundation in classical Chinese who wish to read easily
  • Readers who only want narrative storytelling and have no patience for political dialogue

Reading tips

  1. First read through the unannotated text once, marking institutional terms and function words you do not understand
  2. Consult annotated editions of the Shangshu to sort out sentence by sentence the specific referents of Gaoyao's "Nine Virtues"
  3. After reading, make brief comparative notes between "Heaven's intelligence and clear-sightedness come from my people's intelligence and clear-sightedness" and later people-oriented discussions

About the publisher

Bashu Publishing House China · Founded in 1983

Bashu Publishing House is a publisher centered on collating and publishing classical Chinese cultural texts, with its main publishing areas covering classical literature, Eastern philosophy, ancient poetry, and educational classics. Its library currently holds 1,075 titles, including representative works such as Dream of the Red Chamber, the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering, Renjian Cihua, and Out to the Frontier, involving authors such as Cao Xueqin, Wang Xizhi, Wang Guowei, Wang Changling, Liu Xie, and Yan Yu. These reflect the publisher's focus on literary classics, poetry criticism, and philosophical readings. Its publishing character lies in working around ancient texts and canonical works, with attention to textual collation and presentation. Public information on its more detailed publishing background and series plans is limited; this introduction is based only on the library's book information.

Contents

  1. 版权信息
  2. 虞书·皋陶谟第四

FAQ

What is Gaoyao Mo mainly about?
The whole chapter consists mainly of dialogues among Shun, Gaoyao, and Yu. Gaoyao sets forth the way of governance, proposing self-cultivation and knowledge of men, securing the people and benefiting them, and lists the "Nine Virtues" as criteria for employing people. It also discusses the relationship between Heaven and humanity and people-oriented concepts, and is the chapter in the Shangshu that most concentratedly reflects ancient political ethics.
Can I understand it without a foundation in classical Chinese?
It will be quite difficult. The original wording is archaic and abstruse, the sentence patterns are condensed, and it involves many ancient institutional names and objects. It is advisable to use a collated edition with annotations and modern Chinese translation, first grasping the general meaning and then returning to the original, gradually accumulating the usage of common function words and sentence patterns.
Do I need to read other chapters of the Shangshu before this one?
Not necessarily, but understanding the background of the Shun and Yu period in the Yao Dian and Shun Dian will make it smoother. This chapter can be read together with Yi Ji; both belong to the Yu Shu, connect in content from beginning to end, and their character dialogues are interrelated.

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About the author

Anonymous Author

Anonymous is not a real personal name but a general Chinese designation for authors whose names are unknown, lost, or unsigned. Neither nationality nor dates of birth and death can be verified, and available public information is limited, so the works attributed to this name are the only basis for description. The collection holds 2,078 works under Anonymous, spanning medicine, classics, historical readings, ancient poetry, classical literature, and philosophy. Representative works include The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon: Lingshu, Mencius, The Book of Documents, Nineteen Old Poems, Complete Song Ci, and The Peacock Flies Southeast. Most of these works took shape through long transmission and editing, emerging either from collective folk creation or from authors whose names were lost over time. In ancient China, the Book of Songs, the Great Learning, and many popular storybooks and plays were signed Anonymous because their authors could not be traced. Anonymous works cross the classics, histories, philosophical writings, medical texts, and poetry; their subjects are broad, and their styles vary from archaic simplicity to clear naturalness, making them important and influential sources for understanding ancient Chinese thought, medicine, and literature.