The Announcement of Tang cover

The Announcement of Tang

Rating 3.4
Word count
429 words
Chapters
2

Tags

Summary

Tang Gao is a chapter title from the Book of Documents. The text extant today belongs to the forged Old Text Documents; the genuine Old Text survives in Records of the Grand Historian, Volume 3, Annals of Yin, Chapter 3.

Editor's review

Tang Gao is short, yet it touches on a major controversy in Documents scholarship: the transmitted version belongs to the forged Old Text, while the genuine surviving fragments are preserved in the Annals of Yin in the Records of the Grand Historian. This Bashu Publishing House edition treats the chapter together with its relevant background, so readers can directly see how the same text appears differently within the classical and historiographical traditions. Its value lies not in offering a complete "Shang dynasty proclamation" but in helping readers understand the complex process by which ancient texts were transmitted, with genuine and forged elements interwoven and layers accumulating over time. For general readers, this book is like a small window through which they can see the basic methods of Documents authentication: comparing quotations in the Records of the Grand Historian, noting stylistic differences, and examining the chapter's provenance. When reading, there is no need to rush to judge authenticity; first clarifying the relationships among the various versions will actually allow a fuller appreciation of the pleasures of textual scholarship. It is suitable for careful rereading after one has read selections from the Documents or chapters on pre-Qin history, and also serves as an introductory case study in the authentication of ancient texts.

Who it's for

A good fit for

  • General readers interested in the Book of Documents and pre-Qin texts
  • Students of ancient Chinese history who need to understand the sources of historical materials
  • Readers who want to learn methods of textual authentication through a specific chapter
  • Teachers and editors engaged in popularizing traditional culture

Not a good fit for

  • Readers hoping to read a complete original Shang dynasty proclamation
  • Beginners lacking basic competence in reading classical Chinese
  • Casual readers interested only in narrative history

Reading tips

  1. Read through the chapter first, then compare it with the relevant passages in the Annals of Yin in the Records of the Grand Historian, marking similarities and differences between the two texts.
  2. While reading, note the criteria for distinguishing the forged Old Text from the genuine Old Text, forming your own authentication notes.
  3. Read alongside relevant chapters in a history of Documents scholarship or an introduction to textual scholarship to understand the chapter's background.

About the publisher

Bashu Publishing House China · Founded in 1983

Bashu Publishing House is a publisher centered on collating and publishing classical Chinese cultural texts, with its main publishing areas covering classical literature, Eastern philosophy, ancient poetry, and educational classics. Its library currently holds 1,075 titles, including representative works such as Dream of the Red Chamber, the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering, Renjian Cihua, and Out to the Frontier, involving authors such as Cao Xueqin, Wang Xizhi, Wang Guowei, Wang Changling, Liu Xie, and Yan Yu. These reflect the publisher's focus on literary classics, poetry criticism, and philosophical readings. Its publishing character lies in working around ancient texts and canonical works, with attention to textual collation and presentation. Public information on its more detailed publishing background and series plans is limited; this introduction is based only on the library's book information.

Contents

  1. 版权信息
  2. 商书·汤诰第三

FAQ

Why is the transmitted version of Tang Gao called forged Old Text?
The transmitted Tang Gao belongs to the system of forged Old Text Documents that appeared after the Eastern Jin. Its wording and institutional descriptions differ markedly from earlier reliable sources. Scholars generally hold that it is not a Shang dynasty original, and that the genuine surviving fragments of Tang Gao are preserved in the Annals of Yin in the Records of the Grand Historian. When reading, the transmitted version and the quotations in the Records of the Grand Historian should be treated separately.
What background knowledge is needed before reading this chapter?
It is best to first understand the basic format of the Book of Documents and the general outline of Shang and Zhou history, and to know that gao is an admonitory address from superior to subordinate. Basic competence in reading classical Chinese is sufficient; prior mastery of authentication studies is unnecessary, as the chapter itself is not long and the main difficulty lies in understanding its background.
Is this book suitable as an introductory reader for the Book of Documents?
Not really as a first introduction to the Book of Documents. It focuses on the authenticity of a single chapter, and its background information is relatively specialized. It is advisable to read a selected edition of the Documents or relevant chapters in a general history first, then turn to this chapter, which will make it easier to grasp the textual issues involved.

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About the author

Anonymous Author

Anonymous is not a real personal name but a general Chinese designation for authors whose names are unknown, lost, or unsigned. Neither nationality nor dates of birth and death can be verified, and available public information is limited, so the works attributed to this name are the only basis for description. The collection holds 2,078 works under Anonymous, spanning medicine, classics, historical readings, ancient poetry, classical literature, and philosophy. Representative works include The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon: Lingshu, Mencius, The Book of Documents, Nineteen Old Poems, Complete Song Ci, and The Peacock Flies Southeast. Most of these works took shape through long transmission and editing, emerging either from collective folk creation or from authors whose names were lost over time. In ancient China, the Book of Songs, the Great Learning, and many popular storybooks and plays were signed Anonymous because their authors could not be traced. Anonymous works cross the classics, histories, philosophical writings, medical texts, and poetry; their subjects are broad, and their styles vary from archaic simplicity to clear naturalness, making them important and influential sources for understanding ancient Chinese thought, medicine, and literature.

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