On Profit cover

On Profit

Rating 4.5
Word count
278K words
Chapters
174
ISBN
9787100210898

Tags

Summary

Dharma, artha, kama, and moksha constitute the "four aims" of ancient India—the four goals of life prescribed by Hinduism for the "twice-born," and a vital foundation of Indian values. The Sanskrit Arthashastra is the only surviving treatise devoted to artha, the pursuit of material gain. Its author was Kautilya, prime minister and founding statesman of India's Maurya Empire (324–187 BCE). The work exerted enormous influence in ancient India and was still cited by many writers through the medieval period. Yet the complete Sanskrit text was long lost; only in 1905 were a birch-bark manuscript and an incomplete commentary discovered in the Mysore region of South India, and the work was first made public in 1909. Since then, partial manuscripts of varying extent have been repeatedly discovered. The rediscovery and publication of the Arthashastra was a major event in Indian studies worldwide, and scholarship on it has flourished. Beyond a comprehensive, systematic exposition of state politics and the art of governance in ancient India, the book broadly addresses subjects ranging from economics, civil and criminal law, and diplomacy to war, making it nothing less than an encyclopedia of ancient Indian life. With genuine historical writing essentially absent in ancient India, it also provides irreplaceable primary material for understanding and even reconstructing Indian history around the 4th century BCE.

Editor's review

The Arthashastra is a foundational work of ancient Indian political science and statecraft, composed around the 4th century BCE. Its author, Kautilya, was chief adviser and prime minister to Chandragupta, founder of the Maurya Empire. This rigorous, detailed translation from the Commercial Press offers Chinese readers a reliable path to a deeper understanding of this classic of Eastern political wisdom. Far from an abstract treatise on moral philosophy, the book is a highly pragmatic, systematic, and unsentimental encyclopedia of statecraft, covering everything from governance, diplomacy, and military tactics to economic management, law enforcement, and even espionage. Its core concept, artha—meaning material advantage, wealth, and political success—holds that a ruler should make these the highest guiding principle of action. Reading the Arthashastra, one marvels that such an intricate model of the state apparatus was constructed more than two thousand years ago; its insights into human nature and its analysis of the logic of power still provoke deep reflection today. It offers an indispensable text for understanding ancient Indian civilization and for comparing the origins of Eastern and Western political thought. For modern readers, stripped of its specific historical context, the book's principles of organizational management, risk assessment, and strategic planning still radiate a striking pragmatism.

Who it's for

A good fit for

  • History and political science enthusiasts interested in comparative study of ancient political thought and statecraft
  • Readers seeking inspiration for management, decision-making, and strategic thinking from classical wisdom
  • Scholars eager to explore ancient Indian civilization and the history of the Maurya Empire in depth
  • Readers who enjoy coolly rational, systematic analyses of real-world problems in classic texts

Not a good fit for

  • Casual readers seeking light stories or literary narrative
  • Readers expecting pure moral exhortation or idealist political philosophy

Reading tips

  1. Begin with the translator's preface or an introductory guide to grasp the historical background and core conceptual framework, which will ease the unfamiliarity of a first reading.
  2. Read it alongside roughly contemporaneous political works such as China's Han Feizi or the West's The Prince to appreciate the similarities and differences in how civilizations approach governance.
  3. Read with a critical eye, understanding the text within its specific historical context, and consider which principles retain analytical value beyond their era.

About the publisher

The Commercial Press China · Founded in 1897

The Commercial Press is a publisher known for classic works and academic publishing, with titles spanning Eastern philosophy, foreign literature, world history, social culture, and applied psychology. Its list includes classical commentaries such as Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries on the Analects and Wang Bi's Commentary on the Zhouyi, as well as modern annotated translations like Zhuangzi with Modern Notes and Translation. In foreign literature it offers War and Peace and Crime and Punishment, while in world history it carries Braudel's The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. Applied psychology is represented by Irvin D. Yalom's Existential Psychotherapy, and ethical texts include a Greek-Chinese-English edition of the Nicomachean Ethics. Its authors and translators include Zhu Xi, Wang Bi, Yalom, Braudel, and translators such as Huang Zheng, Zhang Yiling, Shen Dongyu, and Tang Jialong, balancing the editing of original texts with academic translation.

Contents

  1. 版权信息
  2. 译注者序
  3. 译注说明
  4. 缩略语说明
  5. 第一篇 教戒
  6. 第一章 标列目、篇
  7. 第二章
  8. 第三章
  9. 第四章
  10. 第五章
  11. 第六章
  12. 第七章
  13. 第八章
  14. 第九章
  15. 第十章
  16. 第十一章
  17. 第十二章
  18. 第十三章
  19. 第十四章
  20. 第十五章
  21. 第十六章
  22. 第十七章
  23. 第十八章
  24. 第十九章
  25. 第二十章
  26. 第二十一章
  27. 第二篇 督官职守
  28. 第一章
  29. 第二章
  30. 第三章
  31. 第四章
  32. 第五章
  33. 第六章
  34. 第七章
  35. 第八章
  36. 第九章
  37. 第十章
  38. 第十一章
  39. 第十二章
  40. 第十三章
  41. 第十四章
  42. 第十五章
  43. 第十六章
  44. 第十七章
  45. 第十八章
  46. 第十九章
  47. 第二十章
  48. 第二十一章
  49. 第二十二章
  50. 第二十三章
  51. 第二十四章
  52. 第二十五章
  53. 第二十六章
  54. 第二十七章
  55. 第二十八章
  56. 第二十九章
  57. 第三十章
  58. 第三十一章
  59. 第三十二章
  60. 第三十三章
  61. 第三十四章
  62. 第三十五章
  63. 第三十六章
  64. 第三篇 法律
  65. 第一章
  66. 第二章
  67. 第三章
  68. 第四章
  69. 第五章
  70. 第六章
  71. 第七章
  72. 第八章
  73. 第九章
  74. 第十章
  75. 第十一章
  76. 第十二章
  77. 第十三章
  78. 第十四章
  79. 第十五章
  80. 第十六章
  81. 第十七章
  82. 第十八章
  83. 第十九章
  84. 第二十章
  85. 第四篇 去刺
  86. 第一章
  87. 第二章
  88. 第三章
  89. 第四章
  90. 第五章
  91. 第六章
  92. 第七章
  93. 第八章
  94. 第九章
  95. 第十章
  96. 第十一章
  97. 第十二章
  98. 第十三章
  99. 第五篇 秘行
  100. 第一章
  101. 第二章
  102. 第三章
  103. 第四章
  104. 第五章
  105. 第六章
  106. 第六篇 曼荼罗作为基础
  107. 第一章
  108. 第二章
  109. 第七篇 六策
  110. 第一章
  111. 第二章
  112. 第三章
  113. 第四章
  114. 第五章
  115. 第六章
  116. 第七章
  117. 第八章
  118. 第九章
  119. 第十章
  120. 第十一章
  121. 第十二章
  122. 第十三章
  123. 第十四章
  124. 第十五章
  125. 第十六章
  126. 第十七章
  127. 第十八章
  128. 第八篇 灾厄
  129. 第一章
  130. 第二章
  131. 第三章
  132. 第四章
  133. 第五章
  134. 第九篇 征前预备
  135. 第一章
  136. 第二章
  137. 第三章
  138. 第四章
  139. 第五章
  140. 第六章
  141. 第七章
  142. 第十篇 兵法
  143. 第一章
  144. 第二章
  145. 第三章
  146. 第四章
  147. 第五章
  148. 第六章
  149. 第十一篇 对团众之举措
  150. 第一章
  151. 第十二篇 弱王
  152. 第一章
  153. 第二章
  154. 第三章
  155. 第四章
  156. 第五章
  157. 第十三篇 夺城诸法
  158. 第一章
  159. 第二章
  160. 第三章
  161. 第四章
  162. 第五章
  163. 第十四篇 秘术
  164. 第一章
  165. 第二章
  166. 第三章
  167. 第四章
  168. 第十五篇 论书组织
  169. 第一章
  170. 附录一 度量衡
  171. 附录二 时间与时令
  172. 附录三 职官
  173. 译注参考文献
  174. 译注后记

FAQ

Is the Arthashastra's core message overly utilitarian and cold?
The book does indeed take the "material advantage" of state survival and prosperity as its highest goal, and its strategic discussions are direct and realistic. This reflects the harsh geopolitical environment of ancient times. To understand its "coldness," one must situate it in its historical context and view it as an analytical system that frankly exposes the complexities of governance, not as a guide to personal morality.
What value does this book have for ordinary modern readers?
Beyond its value in the history of thought, the book's extensive strategic thinking on information gathering, risk assessment, personnel management, and crisis response offers methodological inspiration for modern organizational management, business strategy, and even personal planning.
What are the features of this Commercial Press edition?
This edition is scholarly, with detailed annotations that restore the text as faithfully as possible and provide necessary background explanation. It is the preferred Chinese translation for serious research and in-depth reading, though it may feel somewhat heavy to readers with only a casual interest.

Comments

Find this book

This site is an index: you start “Search all sources” in your browser, and the entries it lists all point to third-party sites; please judge their availability yourself.

About the author

憍底利耶 Author

Kautilya is a major figure in the history of ancient Indian political thought. Publicly available sources offer very limited detail about his life: his dates, nationality, and exact identity cannot be established with certainty, and he is generally associated with the political practice of the Mauryan period. He is known for the Arthashastra, a comprehensive Sanskrit treatise on statecraft and governance that covers kingship, administration, state organization, diplomacy, military and intelligence affairs, the economy, and justice. Written in terse sutra style, the work is practical and focused on strategy, combining theoretical generalization with operational guidance. As one of the most systematic surviving texts of ancient Indian political thought, the Arthashastra has had a lasting influence and remains an important source for the study of the state and society of ancient South Asia.

朱成明 Author

Zhu Chengming: public information is limited. At present, only one Chinese work by this author is known, Li Lun (On Profit), which is often classified under culture in book catalogues. Available information on the author's life, nationality and educational background is not sufficient to form a complete introduction, so excessive inference should be avoided. What can be confirmed is that Li Lun is the main entry point for understanding Zhu Chengming's writing: judging by the title and the classification, the book likely deals with the relationship between profit, ethics and cultural values, with a discursive and reflective character, possibly written in plain language rather than as pure narrative. Since only this one work is held in the collection, the full range of the author's style, scholarly orientation and actual influence among readers cannot be judged until more material becomes available. Readers may treat Li Lun as primary material for getting to know this author, while watching for further titles and reviews to gradually piece together the outline of his work.

Top rated in the same category