Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Chicago, University of to Chiton

VariousProject Gutenberg · United StatesDec 2019

Rating 4.5
Word count
1.2M words
Chapters
124

Tags

English Originals Reference Books Human GeographyScience EnlightenmentWestern ThoughtIllustrated StepsAcademic StudyEncyclopedia

Summary

Project Gutenberg was the first provider of free electronic books, or eBooks. Michael Hart, founder of Project Gutenberg, invented eBooks in 1971 and his memory continues to inspire the creation of eBooks and related technologies today.Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton"Author: Various,Language: English, Class: AE: General Works: Encyclopedias, Release Date: Feb 20, 2010

Editor's review

This is a scanned electronic edition of entries from the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, spanning "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton", compiled and released by Project Gutenberg. Its value lies not in reading it cover to cover but in offering a cross-section of the English-speaking world's knowledge system a century ago: entries on university institutions, civic bodies, and biological classification preserve the wording and arrangement of their time, allowing researchers to examine the historical forms of knowledge production and encyclopedia writing. As a fragment of a reference work, it exemplifies the dense entries, rich cross-references, and high information compression of early encyclopedias, and is suited to looking up specific entries or comparing editions. It should be read as historical material and a point of reference, not as an authoritative source of modern knowledge; some disciplinary content has since been superseded and must be checked against contemporary sources. The electronic edition is easy to search and cite, but lacks the original plates and page layout, so visual material must be sought elsewhere.

Who it's for

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Reading tips

  1. Read the front matter and entry arrangement rules first, then look up target entries as needed.
  2. Compare relevant entries with a contemporary encyclopedia and note differences in wording and updated knowledge.
  3. When citing, note the 11th edition and the electronic transcription source; avoid treating it as current settled fact.
  4. Read by theme, such as university institutions or biological classification, to form small topical notes.

About the publisher

Project Gutenberg United States · Founded in 1971

Project Gutenberg is a digital publishing project focused on public-domain ebooks. Its publishing direction centers on classic literary works whose copyright has expired, covering genres such as poetry, drama, fiction, and epic. Representative books include Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge, Proust's Du côté de chez Swann, Shakespeare's Macbeth and The Complete Works of William Shakespeare, Homer's The Iliad, Dante's La Divina Comèdia: Purgatòri, Cervantes's The History of Don Quixote, Volume 2, and Grahame's The Wind in the Willows. Its author resources consist mainly of classic Western writers such as Wordsworth, Proust, Shakespeare, Homer, Dante, Cervantes, Grahame, and Tolstoy. Its publishing feature is the provision of freely accessible ebooks in EPUB and Kindle formats; it is not a traditional publisher, and publicly available information is limited.

Contents

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FAQ

Does this electronic edition contain the entire 11th edition? No. This file contains only the entries from "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" in the 11th edition, a fragment of the whole work, and does not represent the full scope of the encyclopedia.
Can the knowledge in this book still be cited directly? It should not be cited directly as current conclusions. The 11th edition was compiled in the early 20th century, and much disciplinary content has since been corrected or superseded. It is better used as a historical document for examining the wording of its time, and citations should be checked against contemporary authoritative sources.
Does the electronic edition retain the original illustrations and layout? Project Gutenberg transcriptions are primarily text and generally do not retain the original plates, maps, or complex layout. For visual material, consult an original facsimile or a digitized collection.

This site is an index: you start “Search all sources” in your browser, and the entries it lists all point to third-party sites; please judge their availability yourself.

About the author

Various Author

Various is not a real person but a collective attribution used in book cataloging and databases for works with multiple authors, commonly applied to anthologies, compilations, or publications with too many contributors to list individually. On this Chinese book site, this attribution covers as many as 3,387 titles, spanning encyclopedic entries, historical documents, and trial records. Representative works include several volumes of the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica and the record of the trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. Available public information is limited: nationality, birth and death dates, and common categories are not clearly recorded, making it difficult to summarize a unified writing style or personal biography. Readers should understand it as a cataloging convention rather than a single author.